Have you ever noticed dark spots or patches appearing on your skin after acne, cuts, burns, or other injuries? This condition is called post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH), and it is a common cause of uneven skin tone.
PIH occurs when the skin responds to trauma by producing excess melanin, the pigment that gives your skin color, in the affected area. This is a natural part of the healing process, but in some people, especially those with darker skin tones, the pigmentation can be more intense and long-lasting.
Why Causes PIH?
Any inflammation or injury to the skin can trigger PIH. This includes:
- Acne lesions
- Cuts, scrapes, or burns
- Insect bites
- Skin procedures like laser treatments or chemical peels
- Allergic reactions or dermatitis
The inflammation activates pigment-producing cells called melanocytes, leading to localized darkening of the skin.
Who Is Most at Risk For Post-Inflammatory Hyperpigmentation?
People with medium to dark skin tones are more prone to PIH because their melanocytes are more reactive. This means they produce pigment more readily when the skin is irritated or injured. However, anyone can experience PIH under the right circumstances.
How Can You Prevent PIH?
The best way to prevent PIH is to avoid trauma or irritation to your skin. Be gentle with your skincare routine, avoid harsh scrubbing or aggressive exfoliation, which can worsen inflammation. If you have acne, seek treatment early to minimize breakouts and reduce the chance of pigmentation.
Sun exposure worsens PIH by stimulating more melanin production. Always use a broad-spectrum sunscreen with at least SPF 30 to protect healing skin and prevent darkening.
Post-Inflammatory Hyperpigmentation Treatment
Treating PIH involves calming inflammation, promoting skin healing, and gradually lightening the pigmented areas. A typical approach includes:
- Topical Treatments: Prescription creams such as hydroquinone, retinoids, or other pigment inhibitors can reduce pigmentation safely when used under medical supervision. Over-the-counter products may help mild cases but are often less effective.
- Sun Protection: Daily sunscreen use is essential to prevent worsening of pigmentation and protect new skin.
- Gentle Skin Care: Using mild cleansers and moisturizers helps maintain skin barrier health and reduce irritation.
- In-Office Procedures: For stubborn pigmentation, chemical peels or microneedling treatments can accelerate fading. These must be performed by a professional dermatologist experienced with darker skin types to avoid complications.
Realistic Expectations
PIH takes time to improve because skin turnover and healing are gradual. Typically, you can expect to see results after several months of consistent treatment. We always encourage patients to be patient and diligent in following their treatment plan.
If you notice dark spots developing after an injury or breakout, consult a dermatologist early. Prompt treatment and protection can shorten the duration of PIH and help restore an even complexion.
