Basic Science / Structures > Immune System > Cells > Histiocytes

Histiocytes

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begins as a promonocyte in the bone marrow and is released into the blood stream as a monocyte

 

 

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (CD1a and S-100 positive):

Letterer-Siwe disease
Hand-Schuller-Christian disease
eosinophilic granuloma
congenital self-healing reticulohistiocytosis

 

 

non-Langerhanss cell histiocytosis (CD1a and S-100 negative):

 

Normolipidemic xanthomatoses lesions composed of foamy cells (i.e. xanthoma cells) and Touton giant cells:

JXG (self-healing 3 to 6 years)
xanthoma disseminatum (persistent form most common)
papular xanthoma (self-healing 1 to 5 years)
necrobiotic xanthogranuloma (chronic often progressive)

 

No "foamy" cells:

generalized eruptive histiocytosis
benign cephalic histiocytosis
multicentric reticulohistiocytosis

 

 

definitions:

 

hmtoggle_plus1CD68 (KP1)
a monoclonal antibody prepared against a lysosomal faction of human lung macrophages
primarily used as a histiocytic marker
(stains histiocytes and other cells with a lot of lysosomes)
it also reacts with monocytes and plasmacytoid T-cells and is present in acute myelomonocytic and acute monocytic leukemia

 

Histiocytic infiltrates of the skin Langerhans cell and non-Langerhans cell proliferations in which lipid accumulation (xanthomatization) may be a secondary phenomenon

 

Xanthomas the accumulation of lipid-rich macrophages known as foam cells;  usually associated with disorders of lipoprotein metabolism

 

Xanthogranuloma essentially xanthomas that are not related to disorders of  lipoprotein metabolism (foam cells and Touton giant cells  e.g. NXG, JXG)