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Cutaneous disease:
| • | psoriasis pitting; oil drop; subungual hyperkeratosis; onycholysis; splinter hemorrhages |
| • | lichen planus |
| • | onychomycosis |
Nail Disorders:
| • | Twenty nail dystrophy (“of childhood”); |
| • | Yellow Nail syndrome |
| • | Laugier-Hunziker syndrome |
Nail Fold Capillary Microscopy:
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Genodermatoses:
| • | Ectodermal dysplasia hydrotic - anonychia and micronychia; anhidrotic - normal nails |
| • | Nail-Patella syndrome in every case, the thumb nails are always involved (hypoplastic nails) |
| • | Pachyonychia congenita pincer nails |
| • | Tuberous Sclerosis (Koenen’s tumor i.e. periungual fibroma) |
| • | Wilson’s disease: |
Hyperpigmentation:
| • | Hutchinson’s sign |
| • | AZT nails drug stimulates melanogenesis (similar mechanism to chemo), therefore it is NOT the drug that deposits |
Glossary:
| • | pachyonychia – thickening of the entire nail plate; may be found idiopathically in older persons |
| • | trachyonychia – refers to rough nails with a sandpaper texture and appearance, as found in twenty nail dystrophy |
Proximal portion of the matrix forms the superior aspect of the nail plate, and the distal matrix contributes to the inferior portion of the plate…
Pits:
White spots (leukonychia):
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