By Disease Name > Sneddon-Wilkinson Disease

Subcorneal Pustular Dermatosis

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•AKA Sneddon-Wilkinson disease
•rare, chronic, relapsing
•sometimes associated with IBD, PG:  relation unclear, but all respond to sulfone sulfonamide treatment

 

clinical:

•flaccid pustules arise in crops within a few hours on clinically normal or erythematous skin
•tendency to coalesce and form annular, circinate or bizarre serpiginous patterns
•hypopyon is characteristic
•predilection for the trunk, especially intertriginous/flexures
•usually spares face and mucous membranes
•no constitutional symptoms
•course:  benign condition, attacks recur over many years lasting from a few days to several weeks

 

hmtoggle_plus1IgA subset (AKA “IgA pemphigus”: no consensus):
•DIF (+) for IgA in pemphigus-like intercellular pattern
•IgA vs. desmocollin's I & II
•might call “IgA pemphigus” but:  no complement on DIF, benign course, (-) Nikolsky, and neutrophils (instead of eos)
•circulating IgA present in half the cases;  IgA monoclonal gammopathy in 20% of cases

 

histology:

•subcorneal pustule with virtually no spongiosis (therefore no intraepidermal spongiform pustules)

 

treatment:

•sulfones (less dramatic than DH, but complete remission is most often obtained)

 

ddx:

•impetigo – (when SPD is localized early)
•DH – but DH has: subepidermal vesicles, highly pruritic, extensor surface (vs. flexor)
•pemphigus foliaceus – may be misdiagnosed as SPD clinically and histologically (if acantholysis is not prominent), but DIF makes the diagnosis
•generalized pustular psoriasis –

systemic symptoms (fever, malaise, leukocytosis);  presence of spongiform pustules within the epidermis, and failure to respond to sulfones distinguish it from SPD

•the fact that the subcorneal pustule of SWD sits on the surface of the epidermis rather than being an integral part of it
•also check elbows, knees, and nails for psoriasis
•glucagonoma syndrome – differentiated by its distribution, lack of actual pustule formation, erosions of lips and oral mucosa; histology = necrobiosis of upper dermis
•AGEP – often with fever