By Disease Name > Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum

Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum

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•autosomal recessive (and dominant form)
•affects skin, eyes, and cardiovascular system

 

pathogenesis:

•basic defect unknown; fragmented and calcified elastic fibers in skin, eyes, and arteries

 

clinical:

•onset during childhood;  average age = 13 years old
•yellow papules and redundant skin, especially on sides of neck and axilla:  “plucked chicken skin”
•yellow papules on mucous membranes
•eyes: angioid streaks = rupture in Bruch’s membrane of the retina,  secondary to elastic fiber defect)
•CV(caused by the degeneration/calcification of the elastic fibers in the vascular media):
•gastric artery hemorrhage
•GI-bleeds (especially in pregnancy)
•mitral valve prolapse
•angina/MI (because early CAD and HTN)

 

differential diagnosis:

hmtoggle_plus1white fibrous papules of the neck
•clinically - looks PXE-like
•histology - connective tissue nevus-like (thickened collagen bundles and only slightly decreased elastic fibers)

 

hmtoggle_plus1PXE-like papillary dermal elastolysis - no retinal nor vascular involvement, histology lacks the typical fragmentation of elastic fibers with calcium deposition

 

prognosis:

•shortened life span secondary to cardiovascular complications
•progressive loss of vision