| • | under microscope – twisted hairs |
| • | grossly – hairs are brittle and easily broken, patchy alopecia |
| • | classic type: unassociated with other disorders and improves by puberty |
| • | associated abnormalities: |
| • | Björnstad’s syndrome (congenital cochlear deafness with pili torti) |
| • | Menkes’ kinky hair syndrome |
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