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mnemonic: 4 C’s and an “A”
| • | coryza, cough, conjunctivitis, Koplik’s spots (not really a “C”) |
| • | treatment with vitamin A reduces morbidity and mortality |
prodrome:
| • | starts 3-4 days before the exanthem and increases daily in severity |
| ◆ | the nose and eyes run continuously: the classic sign of measles |
| • | Koplik’s spots: on buccal mucosa, opposite pre-molar teeth |
exanthem:
| • | spreads and clears cephalocaudal |
| • | confluence characteristic (i.e. morbilliform) |
| • | 1963-1967: inactivated vaccine used for some people; may develop atypical measles syndrome |
| • | 1968-present: only live vaccine now |
| • | same prodrome; rash starts on wrists and ankles and spreads centripetally, usually sparing the face (may become vesicular, purpuric) |
| • | ddx (for acral purpura): RMSF, glove and stocking purpura |
| • | (vs. RMSF – only measles has pulmonary symptoms) |
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