Two patterns of hyperpigmentation: (hypermelanosis):
| 1. | brown |
| • | increased melanin in basal layer melanocytes and keratinocytes |
| 2. | slate-gray to blue |
| • | dermal macrophages containing melanin (Tyndall effect) |
IN EVERY CASE CONSIDER: post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation
|
Other:
| • | ochronosis |
| • | Kala azar ("black fever") |