By Disease Name > Erythema Multiforme

Erythema Multiforme

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•self-limited; relatively common
•usually mild and relapsing
•variety of lesions (blisters, target shaped urticarial plaques)
•mucous membranes:  70% of patients, almost exclusively limited to oral cavity

 

pathogenesis:

•currently seen as a cell-mediated immune reaction aimed at the destruction of keratinocytes expressing HSV antigen
•herpes simplex (recurrent EM)
•mycoplasma pneumoniae

 

clincal:

•prodromal symptoms are usually absent; afebrile
•skin rash arises abruptly (usually, all lesions appear within 3 days)
•not all lesions typical:
•some with only 2 rings (i.e. raised atypical targets)
•bullous EM - blister secondary to necrosis
•herpes iris of Batemen: larger lesions with central bullae and a marginal ring of vesicles
•but flat lesion, typical of SJS-TEN are not found

 

prognosis:

•spontaneously resolves in 1 to 4 weeks
•progression to SJS/TEN does not occur

 

treatment:

•symptomatic
•in patients with a well defined interval between their HSV episode and onset of EM, a 5 day course of acyclovir (400mg BID) will prevent EM in most cases
•continuous administration of low dose acyclovir effectively prevents episodes of both HSV and EM as long as treatment is continued