| • | acrocyanosis a persistent, dusky discoloration of the feet and hands |
| • | Cryoglobulinemia can present as BPP-like with ulcers (usually mixed cryos in this presentation) |
| • | cold hemolysins (see below) |
| • | subcutaneous fat necrosis of newborn vs. sclerema neonatorum |
local cold injuries:
| • | immersion foot (trench foot) |
board favorite - treatment of choice for all forms of frostbite = RAPID rewarming in a water bath between 100 to 110 degrees Farenheit (slow thawing results in more extensive tissue damage - think cryotherapy)
| • | symptoms occur on rewarming and include hemoglobinuria, fever |
| • | hemolysis after exposure to cold is typically associated with syphilis; however, cold hemolysins may occur in the absence of syphilis |
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